[note 3] The HSR building boom continues with the HSR network set to reach 70,000km (43,000mi) in 2035. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. ", Gerald Ollivier, Richard Bullock, Ying Jin and Nanyan Zhou, "High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Traffic" World Bank China Transport Topics No. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, China's investment in intercity high-speed rail and rail transit. In 2004, the Shanghai Maglev Train became the world's first commercially operated high-speed maglev. A notable example is the GuangzhouShenzhen railway, which in December 1994 became the first line in China to offer sub-high-speed service of 160km/h (99mph) using domestically produced DF-class diesel locomotives. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost 1.87 billion. 11, "China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries", "China plans five-year leap forward of railway development ", "Bullet trains set to join fastest in the world", "International Railway Journal Rail And Rapid Transit Industry News Worldwide", "China slows its runaway high-speed rail expansion", "Hundreds protest Shanghai maglev rail extension", "Rail track beats Maglev in BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway", "BeijingShanghai High-Speed Line, China", "Violence flares as the Chinese rage at Japan", "Kawasaki Wins High-Speed Train Order for China", "China denies Japan's rail patent-infringement claims. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. [4], China Railway High-speed (CRH) () is the major high-speed rail service provided by state-owned railway manufacturing and construction corporation China Railway. Service failures in the first month of operation drove passengers back to pre-existing slower rail service and air travel; airline ticket prices rebounded due to reduced competition. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. [183], China's high-speed railway network is by far the longest in the world. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. Supports energy independence and environmental sustainability. Currently, you are using a shared account. [188] Flights on routes over 1,500km (930mi) are generally unaffected. Training of Indian engineers for Mumbai-Ahmedabad high speed rail China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries The nation seeks to increase its high-speed rail network to 50,000 kilometers by 2025. Elevated concrete prefab guideways that are above roads, water and other rail systems. [21] In December 1990, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) submitted to the National People's Congress a proposal to build a high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai. [87][88] Quality and safety concerns also affected plans to export cheaper high-speed train technology to other countries. By 2010, the truck system as a whole is predominantly Chinese. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000mi) by the end of 2022. China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. ", "China's fastest high speed train 380A rolls off production line", "High-speed rail broadens range of options for China's New Year travel", "China finds 187 mln yuan embezzled from Beijing-Shanghai railway project", "Chinese rail crash scandal: 'official steals $2.8 billion', "China acts on high-speed rail safety fears", "China slows down showcase bullet trains", "World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit", "The Backlash Is Brewing Against Chinese High-Speed Rail: Here's Why It's In Trouble", "Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway to run trials", "China not slowing high-speed rail construction", "Railway cuts bullet trains from schedule | Sunday Digest", "Train Wreck in China Heightens Unease on Safety Standards", "Crash raises doubts about China's fast rail plans", "Chinese bullet trains recalled in wake of fatal crash | World news", "Five Days Later, Chinese Concede Design Flaw Had Role in Wreck", "Un error en las seales caus el choque de trenes chinos", "La signalisation mise en cause dans l'accident du Pkin-Shangha", "La scurit des TGV chinois de plus en plus conteste", "First fatal crash on Chinese high speed line", "China train crash: Signal design flaw blamed", "China train crash kills 32 The Observer", "Outrage at Wenzhou disaster pushes China to suspend bullet train project", "China's High-Speed Rail Accident 'Struck a Nerve' | The Rundown News Blog", "China crashes into a middle class revolt", "China steps up train safety amid anger after cras", "China freezes new railway projects after high-speed train crash", "China train crash: Design flaws to blame safety chief", "China suspends new high speed rail plans", "Decision to slow trains met with mixed response|Nation|chinadaily.com.cn", "More high-speed trains slow down to improve safety|Society|chinadaily.com.cn", "CapitalVue News: China Cuts Ticket Price Of High Speed Rail", "China's high speed rail projects on hold due to cash crunch", Simon Rabinovitch, Chinas high-speed rail gets back on track Financial Times, "World's longest high-speed rail line makes debut", "China High Speed Train Development and Investment", "Sound financials recharge China's fast trains", "Bullet trains trigger profit growth for railways", "China's high-speed rail still reporting staggering losses", "China's railways mileage tops 100,000 km", "Chinese Trainmakers To Merge And Form Export Powerhouse", "China's Busiest High-Speed Rail Line Makes a Fast Buck", "China's high-speed rail lines top 37,900 at end of 2020 Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China to Expand High-Speed Rail Network to 50,000 Kilometers by 2025", "Despite a Deadly Crash, Rail System Has Good Safety Record", "Railway Efficiency An Overview and a Look at Opportunities for Improvement", "What is rail efficiency and how can it be changed? [41] Of the 60 train sets, three were directly delivered from Nagoya, Japan, six were kits assembled at CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock, and the remaining 51 were made in China using transferred technology with domestic and imported parts. With the exception of Siemens which refused to lower its demand of CN350million per train set and 390million for the technology transfer, the other three were all awarded portions of the contract. Construction of the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, the world's first high-speed rail with a designed speed of 380km/h (236mph), began on April 18, 2008. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. The institution also found "a broad range of travelers of different income levels choose HSR for its comfort, convenience, safety and punctuality. The train operated in commercially on conventional rail lines in southwest China from 2007 to 2010. At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. As of 2010, the CRIC-bonds are considered to be relatively safe investments because they are backed by assets (the railways) and implicitly by the government. As per the official statement of National High-Speed Rail . Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. [180] If the rail-backed loans cannot be fully repaid, they may be refinanced or the banks may seize ownership of the railways. Show publisher information Former senior UN officer praises Chinese high-speed railway They became known as passenger-designated lines (PDLs). He also introduced that a few days ago, he traveled from Chengdu to . Raymond Seow on Twitter: "What did the delicate girl do for the Manufacturers of electric locomotives - based on market share 2013-2017, Market share of high-speed rail construction in China 2020, by leading player, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway net profit 2017-2021, Public expenditure on transport infrastructure in China 2012-2022, Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. This line between northern China's two largest cities, was the first in the country to accommodate commercial trains with top speed of 350km/h (217mph) and featured the CRH2C and CRH3C train sets. As of 2022, the China State Railway Group has had a debt of around $900 billion USD, according to Nikkei. High-speed rail developed rapidly in China since the mid-2000s. [23] In 1995, Premier Li Peng announced that preparatory work on the Beijing Shanghai HSR would begin in the 9th Five Year Plan (19962000), but construction was not scheduled until the first decade of the 21st century. Moreover, State-owned corporation also uses bulk purchasing to reduce material prices. The CRH380A/AL, the first indigenous high-speed train of the CRH series, entered service on the Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway on October 26, 2010. Most of the new lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger travel only. A Whopping $900B Debt - China's Once-Profitable High-Speed Railways Now He set up what became known as the "high-speed rail dream" after his visit to Japan in 1978, where he was deeply impressed by the Shinkansen, the world's first high speed rail system. [59], In February 2011, Railway Minister Liu Zhijun, a key proponent of HSR expansion in China, was removed from office on charges of corruption. The HSR network reached 42,000km (26,000mi) in total length in December 2022[3] with plans to reach 70,000km (43,000mi) in 2035. [45] According to CSR president Zhang Chenghong, CSR "made the bold move of forming a systemic development platform for high-speed locomotives and further upgrading its design and manufacturing technology. This decision ended the debate and cleared the way for rapid construction of standard gauge, passenger dedicated HSR lines in China.[35][36]. Examples of technology transfer include Mitsubishi Electrics MT205 traction motor and ATM9 transformer to CSR Zhuzhou Electric, Hitachis YJ92A traction motor and Alstoms YJ87A Traction motor to CNR Yongji Electric, Siemens TSG series pantograph to Zhuzhou Gofront Electric. [102], In the first half of 2011, the MOR as a whole made a profit of 4.29 billion and carried a total debt burden of 2.09 trillion, equal to about 5% of China's GDP. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train - Asia Times Signals malfunctioned, causing another train to rear-end the stalled train. Instead, a conventional subway line was built to connect the two airports, and a conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. Many users want proof that high-speed rail can be a profitable, efficient job generator to help raise the sagging U.S. economy when compared with other types of transportation. China's flagship high-speed rail project in Indonesia is expected to become profitable 40 years after completion - not 20 as earlier projected - partly because plans to shift the capital to . [24][25] The MOR focused modernization efforts on increasing the service speed and capacity on existing lines through double-tracking, electrification, improving grade (through tunnels and bridges), reducing turn curvature and installing continuous welded rail. China's high-speed rail is not profitable, and it is steadily losing money. [104] But in the late summer, state banks began to cut back on lending to rail construction projects, which reduced funding for existing railway projects. The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Line showed the greater compatibility of HSR on conventional track with the rest of China's standard gauge rail network. Economic benefits of high-speed rail: Do they match the breakneck speed? Some high speed trains also continue on or run over connecting segments of upgraded conventional lines. This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. Measured in passenger-kilometres Who We Are Work With Us Write For Us Media Release Partners Subscribe To ORF Contact Us research Programmes and Centres Observer Research Foundation | ORF [104], To ease the credit shortage facing rail construction, the Ministry of Finance announced tax cuts to interest earned on rail construction financing bonds and the State Council ordered state banks to renew lending to rail projects. [63][64], Following the deadly crash, the Chinese government suspended new railway project approvals and launched safety checks on existing equipment. Intercity railways are designed to provide regional high-speed rail service between large cities and metropolitan areas that are generally within the same province. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). The fastest commercial train service measured by peak operational speed is the, The fastest commercial train service measured by average train speed is the CRH express service on the, The fastest timetabled start-to-stop runs between a station pair in the world are trains G17/G39 on the, The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is 487.3km/h (302.8mph) by a, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 05:10. Statista assumes no [77][79][80][81][82] Several carriages derailed. In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. [121][122], In response to a slowing economy, central planners approved a slew of new lines including Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou,[123] Zhengzhou-Wanzhou,[124] Lianyungang-Zhenjiang,[125] Linyi-Qufu,[126] Harbin-Mudanjiang,[127] Yinchuan-Xi'an,[123] Datong-Zhangjiakou,[123] and intercity lines in Zhejiang[128] and Jiangxi. Between June and September 2005, the MOR launched bidding for high-speed trains with a top speed of 350km/h (217mph), as most of the main high-speed rail lines were designed for top speeds of 350km/h (217mph) or higher. Currently, the HSR extends to all provincial-level administrative divisions and Hong Kong SAR,[note 1][note 2] with the exception of Macau SAR. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. [180] In December 2014, the Henan provincial government imposed a rule requiring municipal authorities pay 70% of the deficit incurred by Henan's intercity lines with the provincial authorities paying the remainder 30%. [129], By 2015, six high speed rail lines, BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai, ShanghaiHangzhou, NanjingHangzhou and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong report operational profitability. The weakness on intellectual property of Hexie Hao causes obstruction for China to export its high-speed rail related product, which leads to the development of the completely redesigned train franchise called Fuxing Hao (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Fxng Ho; lit. [Online]. Please do not hesitate to contact me. [209], China Railway High-speed runs different electric multiple unit trainsets, the name Hexie Hao (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hxi Ho; lit. The BeijingShanghai high-speed railway, the second major cross-regional line, opened in June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of 380km/h (236mph) in commercial service. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. PDF EXPRESS FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION BY HIGH-SPEED RAIL: THE CASE OF CHINA Ge [4] China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. During the Sixth Railway Speed Up Campaign, 52 CRH trainsets (CRH1, CRH2 and CRH5) entered into operation.
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