Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Quiz 12 - Problem Solving Flashcards | Quizlet metcalfe and wiebe 1987 hypothesis of metcalfe and wiebe 1987 = particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. >> Participants in the ______ group had the fastest response time. endobj b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. structural; enhance. It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. The key to the solution is to overcome functional fixedness. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Ali's use of the cartons represents Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses parade every New Year's Day. b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. /Parent 2 0 R You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. what are some questions for lincolns plan? Cog Psych Quiz 4 MC Flashcards | Quizlet Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a proble, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Tower of Hanoi problemb. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. /Type /Font The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. /BaseFont /Helvetica Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? mental sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Gestalt psychologi, Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. endobj a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. Convergent thinkinga. Newell and Simon's logic theorist computer problemb. how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. Wally and Sharon are out on a date. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi tuna on my line. black and pinkd. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Identifying techniques of problem solving. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. >> analogiesb. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. intermediate state.b. was to: demonstrate a diff. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for her family. endobj << James gets a bit annoyed with your criticism and says "George Burns smoked cigars, and he lived to be 100!" /Type /Page endobj In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). Using a pair of pliers as a paperweightb. structural features.c. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> being able to solve other proble. a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. 8 0 obj subgoals. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, b. Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify, c. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another, d. Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem, The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Quiz 12","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/quiz-12-2532023","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. means-end analysisb. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they are to the solution. The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. problems that have a clear identifiable solution. Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. high-pressurec. Ch.12 Quiz 4.3 Flashcards | Chegg.com swingingc. This is an example of an, 18. d. the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. d. mental sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. creative cognition.c. Amber take. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. Experts categorize problems based ona. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. surface features.b. target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. observing people to see how they solve problems in the real world is called ________. functional fixednessc. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.a. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involvesa. Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. How will Janet retrieve the book? frequently used object.d. search. You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. gradually rise; gradually riseb. They found the ________ version to be more effective, because it had ______ features in common with the radiation problem. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . noticing, mapping, and applying.c. endobj In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. the role of insight in creativity.c. The title for chapter eight was Analogizing which is commonly misinterpreted as similarities between objects or concepts. /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis was whether warmth ratings would predict problem solving dierently depending on whether the problems were multistep problems/puzzles (e.g., the Tower of Hanoi task), or vignette descriptions previously demonstrated to give rise to insight solutions (e.g., the "water lilies problem"). /Name /F3 d. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. a. how similar the objects in the problem are. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. /Name /F8 How to Detect Insight Moments in Problem Solving Experiments intermediate states. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. /Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /Differences [ 128/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/emdash/bullet/.notdef Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. 38. Metcalfe and Wiebe general principles that problems share.c. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. /F10 12 0 R Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? b. how useful a reasoning process is. /Font << After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. By using a(n)_________ , a country could increase the percentage of individuals agreeing to be organ donors dramatically. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. ill-defined; Gestaltb. 22 considerthefollowingconditionalsyllogism - Course Hero endobj endobj c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. a goal stated. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? >> Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: 1. insight.d. 17 0 obj <> endobj /Name /F7 familiar object.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. << Metcalfe and Wiebe - insight in problem solving -task: -insight problem: triangle problem -non insight problem: algebra - warmth judgements - result: insight problems solved suddenly and non insight problems were solved gradually (more linear) Obstacles to problem solving - functional fixedness - candle problem - two string problem 22 . search. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. candle can be cut in half.d. 17. The purpose of this experiment was to. The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustratea. Swinney did an experiment in which he presented participants with the sentence, "The man Using a juice glass as a container for orange juiced. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. Test 4B Flashcards | Chegg.com insight.d. /Type /Font b) Measure the time-course of solving well-defined versus ill-defined problems << d. degree of risk aversion one has. /Name /F4 seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. bread and butter, Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve is open-ended.b. ill-definedb. parity.d. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. representation and restructuring.b. This research is an example of ____ research.a. endobj c. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. by [email protected], d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. the candle is already lit. They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem.a. The argument is weak because there is only one specific case. b. match box can be used as a shelf. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Quiz 12: Problem Solving | Quiz+ Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? convergent thinking.b. Question 2 1 metcalfe and wiebe gave participants - Course Hero participants in the _____ group had the fastest response time. spend less time analyzing problemsb. /Encoding 16 0 R goal state.c. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. cog proc Flashcards | Chegg.com The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. experience and sometimes do not. present one sample design for a brief period.c. One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. This problem demonstrates mental set, which is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, all the possible states before a problem is solved, how people represent a problem in their mind, solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring. The purpose of this experiment was to 27. a. >> When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers). Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Newell & Simon, early computer program designers for problem solving. analogical transfer.c. Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. a preconceived notion about how to do something, This problem involves the use of equations and, starting at problem 8, doesn't require the typical equation. emotional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). b. ability to work well with a group of others. b. They are unable to. >> hw7 | Quiz the purpose of the exp. The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?
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