Buildings had to be cleared room by room through the bombed-out debris of residential areas, office blocks, basements and apartment high-rises. After a series of strong blows from two German divisions that reached their peak on September 22, the 13th Guards Division found itself in a very difficult situation. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility. That would mean 350 Ju 52 flights a day into Pitomnik. On 20 November, a second Soviet offensive (two armies) was launched to the south of Stalingrad against points held by the Romanian 4th Army Corps. This damage can still be seen today. "[158], On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev-Kurgan. Brick survived through the whole war, and in 1945 was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During their second and third assaults on the city, the Germans captured the workers' settlements "Red October" and "Barricades", the settlement of Rynok, Sculpture Park, the Mountain Settlement and the Stalingrad Tractor Plant. Taking this advice to heart, Pavlov ordered the building to be surrounded with four layers of barbed wire and minefields, and set up machine-gun posts in every available window facing the square. Manstein now saw the enormous technical difficulties of a supply by air of these dimensions. The implication was clear: if Paulus surrendered, he would shame himself and would become the highest-ranking German officer ever to be captured. The next night, Junior Sergeant Ya.F. And, at the far end of the yard, besides the other cesspool, behind a low stone wall, the yellow corpses of skinny Germans were piled up men who had died in that basementabout a dozen wax-like dummies. The aim was to win as much time as possible to withdraw forces from the Caucasus (Army Group A) and to rush troops from other Fronts to form a new front that would be able in some measure to check our counter-offensive. During October, while the 13th Guards Rifle Division tried to improve its position on the bridgehead, north of the Mamayev Kurgan commander-in-chief Chuikov suffered defeat after defeat. According to the memoirs of Wilhelm Adam , Colonel Roske told him that German assault groups captured the lower floor of the building, but could not capture it entirely. Joseph Beyrle Williamovich Most Incredible Real WW2 History? [29] Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again. If I do not get the oil of Maikop and Grozny then I must finish [liquidieren; "kill off", "liquidate"] this war. Overy, Richard. The prisoners included 22 generals. On 2 February 2013 Volgograd hosted a military parade and other events to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the final victory. Stalingrad: Experimentation, Adaptation, Implementation [80][81], The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for Blau several times, and the city did not fall until early July. The armies in the area were also poorly equipped in terms of anti-tank weapons. Very close to it were huge five and six-story buildings occupied by the German infantry - the "Railwaymen's House" and "L-shaped house". By the wicked irony of fate, it was on October 1 in the central newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda that the article "Heroes of Stalingrad" was published with the letter-vow of Rodimtsevs guardsmen [to fight to the death], which was sealed literally with blood. Every year still, hundreds of bodies of soldiers who died in the battle are recovered in the area around Stalingrad and reburied in the cemeteries at Mamayev Kurgan or Rossoshka. [Note 4], As historian Chris Bellamy notes, the Germans paid a high strategic price for the aircraft sent into Stalingrad: the Luftwaffe was forced to divert much of its air strength away from the oil-rich Caucasus, which had been Hitler's original grand-strategic objective. It was the inability to provide for oneself in the conditions of a bridgehead cut off from the city that destroyed the 92nd OSBR in September. Despite the propagandistic bookending and a contrived plot, Bondarchuk manages to craft a decent critique of the Soviet system within the film's body. In the area of the 9th January Square, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division defended A retired U. S. Army colonel fluent in Russian, Glantz is the author of numerous books, including The Battle for . [200] The country celebrated "Red Army Day" on 23 February 1943. Pavlov's house- The Battle of Stalingrad - Real History Online The operating room was in the sewer pipe in the slope of the steep bank of the Volga, near the headquarters of the division near the mouth of the Dolgiy ravine . The Battle of Stalingrad (German: Schlacht von Stalingrad [laxt fn talngat];[16] Russian: , tr. What were the losses of the Germans in numerical terms, the sources do not report; and it is unlikely that information on losses at this point could be highlighted in the German reports. Left in the photo is Grigory Evdokimovich Brick (post-war photo). Some German holdouts continued to operate in the city and resist until early March 1943. But already the enemy was attacking the station with their battle-cries of 'Urrah! The civilians were often sent into battle without rifles. Of the 210,000 Germans, 10,000 remained to fight on, 105,000 surrendered, 35,000 left by air and the remaining 60,000 died. [197], Regardless of the strategic implications, there is little doubt about Stalingrad's symbolism. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Rodimtsev's last reserve was 30 fighters of the defensive battalion under the command of Lt. A.T. Stroganoff. One more push in the factory area would see the end of . During the Battle of Stalingrad, Gerhardt's Mill became the final frontier, with the Soviet Red Army deterring the army of German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus on the approaches to the Volga. [13], After the war Pavlov communicated little with his ex-comrades, with many of them bewildered by his fame and in disagreement with the story that had been built around Pavlov. These forces were also lacking in effective anti-tank weapons. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. For a moment, I wished that the whole of Germany were there to see it. [5], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}484256N 443158E / 48.7155N 44.5329E / 48.7155; 44.5329, introducing citations to additional sources, "The Gerhardt Mill: Ruins that Remember the Battle", ": 1911 .pdf", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhardt%27s_Mill&oldid=1125778857, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 20:14. The Front was reformed from reserve armies on 22 October 1942. This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. Sources conflict on the date at which the siege began, and the date at which the Soviet reinforcements reached the building and lifted the siege. Supplying the 270,000 men trapped in the "cauldron" required 700 tons of supplies a day. Hitler told Goebbels that the plight of the 6th Army was a "heroic drama of German history". One of a series of famous Stalingrad photographs of G. Zelma. Russia has held, Egypt for the present is safe. If Stalingrad is one of the most significant symbols of the Great Patriotic War, then Pavlov's House is the cornerstone of thatsymbol. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200km (120mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. The destruction of an entire army (the largest killed, captured, wounded figures for Axis soldiers, nearly 1million, during the war) and the frustration of Germany's grand strategy made the battle a watershed moment. A reconnaissance and assault group of four soldiers, led by Sergeant Pavlov (it included Red Army men A.P. The military political instructor wanted to wring capital writers necks, but they not only reassured him, but also persuaded him to publish his article in the central newspaper. Stalingradskaya bitva, IPA:[stlnratskj bitv]; 23 August 1942 2 February 1943)[17][18][19] was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. It aimed to break through to the Sixth Army and establish a corridor to keep it supplied and reinforced, so that, according to Hitler's order, it could maintain its "cornerstone" position on the Volga, "with regard to operations in 1943". Soviet forces offered little resistance in the vast empty steppes and started streaming eastward. [155], The Germans were now not only starving but running out of ammunition. Let's try to correct this injustice. ", "The Struggle for Stalingrad City: Opposing Orders of Battle, Combat Orders and Reports, and Operational and Tactical Maps. A couple of days later, the agitator of the regiment, the senior political instructor, L.P Koren' will write a small note to the Political Department of the 62nd Army about a rather ordinary episode of that day, and the story will begin to wait for its hour. VIII. Each time German infantry or tanks tried to cross the square and to close in on the house, Pavlov's men laid down a withering barrage of machine gun and AT rifle fire from the basement, the windows and the roof. [38], Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector, the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. On the third day, reinforcements arrived at the house under the command of Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev (17 fighters, another Red Army soldier was wounded on the way and returned to the regiments positions), delivering a heavy machine gun and 3 anti-tank rifles with ammunition, and the house became an important stronghold in the regiments defense system and all 13 Guards. Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. The Romanian forces, made up primarily of infantry, were overrun by large numbers of tanks. The next two days in the division's sector were relatively calm - only to the south was frequent fire heard. According to Frieser, et al. In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city. [2], The importance of the building has been contested. Koren went to his room and found the guests leafing through his diary notes. The house was included in the regiments fire defense system, the approaches to it were shot by Soviet soldiers from three directions, and the approaches to neighboring positions were also shot from the Pavlovs House. "[150], The Red Army High Command sent three envoys while simultaneously aircraft and loudspeakers announced terms of capitulation on 7 January 1943. The public mood was sullen, depressed, fearful, and war-weary. Between these houses there was a branch of the railway to Gosmelnitsa No. "[7], Pavlov's House became a symbol of the stubborn and dogged resistance of the Soviet forces during the Battle of Stalingrad, which eventually ended in a decisive victory for the Soviet forces after months of fighting and heavy casualties on both sides. By 06:00, putting together the collected reserves, parts of the 13th Guards Rifle Division counterattacked. Nearby was also the House of Sovkontrol the future House of Zabolotny a mirror copy of the Pavlov House. The series quickly became popular, and it was read on the radio by Yuri Levitan. The Luftwaffe retained air superiority into November, and Soviet daytime aerial resistance was nonexistent. The four-storey residential building with four entrances of the Regional Consumer Union at 61 Penzenskaya Street on 9th January Square (now Lenin Square ) was built in the mid-1930s by the architect Sergei Voloshinov . The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[67] By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft. [98] Three air regiments at Stalingrad were entirely female. By the end of October the enemy had almost completely occupied the "Barricades" and "Red October" factories. What happened next is known only from the words of Yakov Pavlov himself. Joseph Goebbels read the text of his speech for him on the radio. A soldier prepares to throw a grenade. These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 19421943 (19 November 1942 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. "[92] At the beginning of the battle there were 75,000 women and girls from the Stalingrad area who had finished military or medical training, and all of whom were to serve in the battle. The mill was put into operation, and flour sales began on 1 August 1900. The Soviet forces were allowed to retain bridgeheads on the right bank from which offensive operations could be quickly launched. Pavlov's "House" was rebuilt after the battle and is still used as an apartment building today. Stalingradskaya bitva, IPA: [stlnratskj bitv]; 23 August 1942 - 2 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control . [147], The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Based on Soviet records, over 11,000 German soldiers continued to resist in isolated groups within the city for the next month. However, according to Adam, "On not one single day have the minimal essential number of tons of supplies been flown in. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". October 25, 2022 1943. Russians consider it to be one of the greatest battles of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. The shock groups of the 295th Infantry Division, having crushed through the defenses of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment, reached the Volga near the mouth of the Krutoy ravine. [5][4] After several days, reinforcements and resupply arrived for Pavlov's men, bringing the unit up to a 25-man understrength platoon and equipping the defenders with machine guns, anti-tank rifles, and mortars. [23][24] Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army. He argues that, though it is "easy to argue that from the summer of 1942 the Soviet army fought because it was forced to fight," to concentrate solely on coercion is nonetheless to "distort our view of the Soviet war effort. Over 30 percent of its soldiers were killed in the first 24 hours, and just 320 out of the original 10,000 survived the entire assault. However, the participants themselves - fighters and commanders of the 13th Guards Rifle Division - attached much more importance to these events than the notorious legend. Biesinger (2006: 699): "On August 23, 1942, the Germans began their attack.". With the advance now slowed, Hitler changed his mind and reassigned the 4th Panzer Army back to the attack on Stalingrad. In deciding to promote Paulus, Hitler noted that there was no record of a German or Prussian field marshal having ever surrendered. Several rooms were covered with fire, a machine gun and 37-mm cannon were destroyed, and the advanced group engaged in a fire fight. [115], After three months of slow advance, the Germans finally reached the river banks, capturing 90% of the ruined city and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets. The Milk House | Greenville IL - Facebook These pictures are present in every book, article and publication about the epic battle, but practically no one knows what exactly is depicted in them. Rodimtsev together with the headquarters was forced to evacuate from the tunnel opposite the NKVD complex to the Banniy ravine. Part 2: The Fight for Stalingrad's Factory District-14 October18 November 1942", "The Battle Of Stalingrad Involved 2.2 Million People One Of The Biggest Battles In History", "Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Army/Army Group, 1942", Leavenworth Papers No. The Aftermath in Stalingrad The Site of One of Hitler's Greatest Defeats Soviet soldiers on the roof of a factory shop in Stalingrad in 1942 (Photo by Arkady Shaikhet - source) Bill Downs first arrived in the Soviet Union to cover the Eastern Front on December 25, 1942. In the post-war memories of Zhukov everything looks somewhat different. By 27 Sept. the Germans occupied the southern portion of the city, but the Soviets held the centre and northern part. In response, Hitler issued a tranche of field promotions to the Sixth Army's officers. Stalingrad - David M. Glantz, Jonathan M. House - Google Books This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire. [citation needed], Vasily Chuikov, commanding general of the Soviet forces in Stalingrad, later joked that the Germans lost more men trying to take Pavlov's House than they did taking Paris.[9][10]. According to Stephen Walsh: Romanian casualties were 158,854; 114,520 Italians (84,830 killed, missing and 29,690 wounded); and 143,000 Hungarian (80,000 killed, missing and 63,000 wounded). Yakov Pavlov left the Army in 1946 as a lieutenant and joined the Communist Party. The struggle for the small section of the center of the city took a positional character: the opponents exchanged artillery and mortar shelling, and the number of people killed by sniper fire increased sharply. Zabolotnys house was subsequently burned out and blown up by the advancing Germans. Two photographs taken by photojournalist S. Loskutov in the fall of 1942 in trenches east of the ruins of the NKVD complex. at Stalingrad Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief. "[91], Many women fought on the Soviet side or were under fire. He studied 11,237 letters sent by soldiers inside of Stalingrad between 20 December 1942 and 16 January 1943 to their families in Germany. The situation of the Romanian tanks is known, however. The huge ruins of buildings, open spaces and a stable front line contributed to the fact that the ruined city center became a suitable arena for sniper dueling. [183] Bartov reported that a great many of the soldiers were well aware that they would not be able to escape from Stalingrad, but in their letters to their families stated that they were proud to "sacrifice themselves for the Fhrer". On the right side of the map in the ravines show are the actions of parts of the 284th Rifle Division. Pavlovs House Companion | PDF | Battle Of Stalingrad | Military - Scribd At the start, Stalingrad was no more than a name on the map to us. The remaining forces continued to resist, hiding in cellars and sewers, but by early March 1943 the last small and isolated pockets of resistance had surrendered. An estimated 750,000 Soviets died defending the city . Nevertheless, food and especially water was in short supply. Stalingrad was strategically important to both sides as a major industrial and transport hub on the Volga River. [138] He ignored the limited mobility of the army and the difficulties of disengaging the Soviets. German large-caliber artillery swept the wooden quarters of workers' settlements, high-rise buildings and huge workshops, and the aviation of the 4th Luftwaffe Air Force heavily bombed the positions of the Soviet troops during the October battles, causing huge losses as several divisions were burned up in few days: the 138th, The 193rd and 308th Rifle Divisions, and the 37th Guards Rifle Division During that time the Rodimtsevs division held the quietest place on the line of defense of the 62nd Army, and soon writers and journalists were drawn there. Despite being called a "mill", it served as a food processing complex, where in addition to the mill, there was also a smokery for fish, butter production facilities, a bakery, and warehouses for finished products. After the artillery preparation, 18 fighters of the assault group rushed to the huge ruins, but were met by flanking machine gun fire, and then the approaches to the house were fired on by mortars from the rear of the German defense. Another advance to the river south of the city followed, while the Soviets abandoned their Rossoshka position for the inner defensive ring west of Stalingrad. All of the 19 German tanks were lost, as well as 81 of the R-2 light tanks. Despite this, and with no support available from other units, the AA gunners stayed at their posts and took on the advancing panzers. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. [36]:94. Dom Pavlova) was a fortified apartment building which Red Army defenders held for 60 days against the Wehrmacht offensive during the Battle of Stalingrad. The man was probably already dying. Hitler was confident that he could break the Red Army despite the heavy German losses west of Moscow in winter 194142, because Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) had been unable to engage 65% of its infantry, which had meanwhile been rested and re-equipped. [129] The American historian Gerhard Weinberg wrote that Manstein distorted his record on the matter. [198], The reverse was the case on the Soviet side. [148], On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives. Both Pavlov and Afanasyev were wounded, but both Pavlov and Afanasyev survived the war. It fought as part of the 100th Jger Division. - Real History Online, The Sword of Stalingrad- An Award From King George VI, The reconnaissance group of Sergeant Pavlov Ya.F., which seized the building. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. Together with the submachine gunners, the garrison numbered about 30 soldiers. The labyrinths of ruins, strong walls and huge cellars of the prison were well suited for city fighting, and the NKVD buildings became the core of the defense of Rodimtsevs division. In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. [116] From 21 August to 20 November, the German 6th Army lost 60,548 men, including 12,782 killed, 45,545 wounded and 2,221 missing. The diagram also notes the 685th Infantry Regiment attached to Rodimtsev. The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. Beginning in late August, continuing in September and into October, the Soviets committed between two and four armies in hastily coordinated and poorly controlled attacks against the Germans' northern flank. The starving encircled forces at Stalingrad made no attempt to break out or link up with Manstein's advance. The attached the 685th Rifle Regiment advanced towards the January 9 square and school No. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground. Zabolotny, digging a trench through Solnechnaya Street, managed to occupy the ruins of a four-story building, which in future will be designated as "Zabolotnys House." ", "Why was the Battle of Stalingrad So Significant? This film highlights the conflict between the German Sixth Army and the Soviet 62nd Army in Southern Stalingrad during September 1942. A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." But what is the truth?. That is, Pavlovs House was not a kind of separate isolated object, as some authors sometimes describe its defense. This "harvest victory" left the city short of food even before the German attack began. [127] Hence Army Group A was never used to help relieve the Sixth Army. Due to a limited number of available aircraft and having only one available airfield, at Pitomnik, the Luftwaffe could only deliver 105 tonnes of supplies per day, only a fraction of the minimum 750 tonnes that both Paulus and Zeitzler estimated the 6th Army needed. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food. The defense line was extremely unlucky - it passed along the edge of a high cliff. Brown University historian Omer Bartov claims they were motivated by belief in Hitler and National Socialism. From September 27, the second assault began; the main events and military operations moved to working settlements north of Mamayev Kurgan. [123] A similar plan had been used a year earlier at the Demyansk Pocket, albeit on a much smaller scale: a corps at Demyansk rather than an entire army. North of the Dolgiy and Krutoy ravines, near the oil tanks, a fierce exchange of fire was heard - the sailors from the 284th Rifle Division retook from the Germans the burning Oil Syndicate and Metalware Plant. The Battle of Stalingrad, with its five months of fierce fighting, began exactly 80 years ago, on Aug. 23, 1942. For two months the defenders of the two strongholds (Pavlov's House and the Milk House) had skirmished. [36]:98 The third and last serviceable runway was at the Stalingradskaya flight school, which reportedly had the last landings and takeoffs on 23 January. The strike was planned at the most vulnerable point of Rodimtsevs divisions defense - the Dolgiy and Krutoy ravine area, where the joint was with the 284th Rifle Division. Soon on November 19, a series of essays by Korenya entitled "The Stalingrad Days" was published in Pravda, the last of which was called Pavlov's House. [89], Richard Overy addresses the question of just how important the Red Army's coercive methods were to the Soviet war effort compared with other motivational factors such as hatred for the enemy. Whilst the building was originally captured by Pavlov, the commander of the position was Lieutenant Afanasev. Sabaton https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjQhd1APsd5NQhiVZV7GYzg , "Copyright Disclaimer. [33] Hitler proclaimed that after Stalingrad's capture, its male citizens were to be killed and all women and children were to be deported because its population was "thoroughly communistic" and "especially dangerous". Army Group B was commanded by General Maximilian von Weichs.[38]. The Austrian divisional commander, General Erhard Raus, was summoned to Manstein's royal carriage in Kharkov station on 24 November, where the field marshal briefed him. Seeing no point in continuing, he sent a radio message saying that his command had done its duty and fought to the last man. Gerhardt's Mill (Russian: ) is a building of historical significance in the Battle of Stalingrad. Only 27 of the latter were lost in combat, however, the remaining 54 being abandoned after breaking down or running out of fuel. [95] Many of the Soviet wireless and telephone operators were women who often suffered heavy casualties when their command posts came under fire. Battle of Stalingrad | History, Summary, Location, Deaths, & Facts The strategic benefit of the house was that it defended a key section of the Volga bank. The lull did not last long. In the reports of the regiment on irretrievable losses it was noted: on October 1, 77 men were missing and 130 Red Army men died, for October 2 - 18 more and 83 people, respectively. Combat raged for several days at the giant grain elevator in the south of the city. [188] Weakened by disease, starvation and lack of medical care during the encirclement, they were sent on forced marches to prisoner camps and later to labour camps all over the Soviet Union. [48] Beyond the Volga River on the eastern boundary of Stalingrad, additional Soviet units were formed into the 62nd Army under Lieutenant General Vasiliy Chuikov on 11 September 1942. Map of the night battle of the 13th Guards Rifle Division copied from the book of the General Staff "Battles in Stalingrad" of 1944, transferred to the aerial photo. With the river at their backs, they fought street-by-street, house-by-house against the Wehrmacht. The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment was the only non-German unit[57] selected by the Wehrmacht to enter Stalingrad city during assault operations.
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