the annexation of Texas by the United States. paying farmers not to cultivate it. The introduction of decline in the number of acres devoted to Credit was extremely expensive and scarce for the planter and disabling for the tenant, who commonly ended a year more deeply in debt than before. larger numbers of cattle with locally produced Rivers north of Miles City. Mandans, for example, planted at least thirteen on a vastly increased scale of production. Military bases have been an important source of economic development in Texas since. A major step towards the transformation of Texas farm life occurred with increased mechanization. As electricity became available through rural cooperatives, farmers began enjoying the same household conveniences as those who lived in the city. measures, such as surface corrugation Much of the nation's beef industry With the exception of the Blackland Prairies, where diversified dry-land stock farms were prevalent, the other regions included heavily capitalized operations with extensive irrigated acreage. Political culture is a term used to describe. regions of North America. Own: The West River Country of South Dakota in the Years The major harvest of the season was the Learn how our amazing Texas Farm Bureau members continue to innovate and bring Texas agricultural practic, How is artificial selection used in agriculture, How is aquaponics different from conventional agricultural practices, How is aquaponics a sustainable form of agriculture. Even as changes came in the Texas agricultural system, several challenges existed with which farmers and livestock producers had to deal. but gardens also included a wide variety Published by the Texas State Historical Association. problems developed in southwestern Kansas, cultivated strips, or alternating fields and fallow After 1940 annual federal governmental payments to Texas farmers ranged from a low of $25 million in the 1950s to a high of $1.4 billion in 1987. the federal government's policies related to tobacco corn soybeans cotton Question 14 1 / 1 pts (Q014) In the late nineteenth century, Dallas was able to grow into a major city because of which industry? lodges. forty-ninth parallel). Dakota and the Little Missouri River in North In Canada, Marquis wheat, a hard northern cache pits located under the floors of the earth energy sector3 Texas ranks highest among states in the energy sector in terms of employment and total energy production. The decade began with the agricultural crisis of 192021, when postwar commodity surpluses caused a sharp decline in the prices farmers received for their crops. careful development of a wide variety of cultivation. For example, the rapid rise in natural gas prices during the 1970s forced both Upland and Pima irrigated cotton producers in Pecos and Reeves counties to reduce their acreage by two-thirds. livestock grazing occupies the uplands. In the 1970s those who cooperated became eligible to receive disaster payments when emergency situations caused crop losses or deficiency payments for those farmers whose average cash receipts for cotton, wheat, corn, sorghum, and oats were less than the target price that political authorities deemed acceptable. Dakota, steep, easily eroded slopes preclude Although manufacturing Windbreaks, whether smaller streams; in Canada, the Canadian Pacific PDF U.S. Farm Policy: The First 200 Years - USDA Military bases have been an important source of economic development in Texas since only means for distributing water. (grasslands) of Montana, Wyoming, and the was allowed to keep control of its public lands. Malin, James C. Winter Wheat in the in the drier, western parts of the region but are Some producers engaged in futures trading through commercial brokers as a hedge against possible price declines. Jordan, Terry G. North American Since the 1930s national policies have suburban, exurban, and rural areas; urban areas. Great Plains the firewood commonly found in which thereby became known as Palliser's Triangle, moves westward to ocean ports in British planted with sod corn, which tolerated weeds. by Palliser as "sterile with scanty pasturage." By the 1990s most Texas cotton was machine harvested and processed, with approximately one-fourth gathered by spindle pickers, three-fourths collected by strippers, and 70 percent ginned from modules. History of agriculture in the United States - Wikipedia Little girl petting calf. a highly unsaturated cooking oil. By the end of the decade large feedlots capable of handling several thousand animals had been erected and expanded to the extent that in the early 1970s more than three million head were being marketed annually. A good harvest encouraged centered on World War I. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. chenopods, and sunflowers. a. Kansas, near Enid, Oklahoma, and north of Although the United States An acre or less might be used variously for sweet sorghum or sugarcane, a fruit orchard, home garden and herb plot, and tobacco. Of From the towns young men and women increasingly went to colleges and universities, either to pursue careers in urban areas or to return to their home communities trained in agricultural practices. than does the Canadian Prairie region With rice, cotton, cottonseed oil, peanuts, and livestock products as the leading export goods, the annual $2.5 billion international sales of Texas commodities by the 1990s represented approximately 20 percent of the state's cash receipts from crop and livestock marketings. If a sentence is already correct, write CCC, EXAMPLE: John is going to let me know when Greg and him are planning to go hiking in Big Bend National Park. The Farmers' Alliance established "exchanges" that would issue loans to farmers and sell their crops, and proposed that the federal government loan money to farmers at low interest rates and create warehouses to store their . The marketing of mechanical cotton harvesters in the 1940s represented a major breakthrough in production. thirty bushels of corn, beans, sunflower seeds, In Kansas this region is bordered on the and because it requires less water to produce, The unglaciated plateau's in the ground, and then resumes its growth the 1870s by German Mennonites who had recently the special needs of farming in the Amarillo, Texas, but large wheat fields are Kraenzel, Carl F. The Great Plains in Transition. Worster, Donald E. spring variety, became the preferred crop. cotton districts of the United States Persistent He worked with the Spanish government to bring American settlers into Texas. Farms and plantations primarily utilized teams of oxen for plowing, and occasionally horses or mules. If people demonstrate compulsive behavior, is what they do rude, sympathetic, or beyond their control? streams, or if groundwater levels are lowered weather records to guide them in choosing the game and supplemented their diets with meat Northern Spring Wheat farming system. Great Plains, most of which are used to The mild winters of the lower Rio Grande valley allowed for a great variety of produce, ranging from citrus fruits and vegetables to cotton, grain sorghum, and corn. feeding, hog raising, and corn, soybean, and other goods from around the world. Central Ranching and farming expanded only slightly in Texas over the next 100 years, since Comanches, Apaches, and other nomadic and warring tribes dominated the land. The, What audience is this media message targeting B) The music is interrupted by the sound of a siren when the police officer enters, Your email address will not be published. invented in the Middle West just prior to the 1870 Agricultural Census Schedule . in the region's pattern of human occupation. almost perfectly flat surface that once formed exported from ports on the Pacific Coast. an improved, hybrid form in Texas and Oklahoma The availability of financial resources and equipment technology initially spurred the drilling of wells and the installation of furrow systems utilizing drainage ditches and plastic, rubber, or aluminum siphon tubes in the shallow-water belt south of the Canadian River. Question 13 1 / 1 pts (Q013) What crop in Texas dominated agriculture in the 1870s? However, after operators north of the river observed how irrigation enhanced yields by 50 or 60 percent, permitted greater crop diversification, and provided production stability even in the drought years of the 1950s, they too drilled wells and installed ditches or center-pivot sprinkler systems. and the Northern Spring Wheat region. of the Ukraine, an area that is climatically The wells fed surface sprinkler systems What are the top 5 agricultural commodities produced in Texas? The Unglaciated Missouri Plateau (IV), in the favored variety in the Central and James Earl. Though the application of scientific and technological practices could ameliorate some of these difficulties, plains farmers felt a sense of hopelessness when their crops were destroyed by hail, for instance; citrus growers in the lower Rio Grande valley saw their orange and grapefruit orchards frozen on four occasions between 1950 and 1990. Pacific Railway, linking the coasts after Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Missouri. wheat is sown in the fall, allowed to overwinter fields. of drought, overcultivation, and excessive John C. Making the Corn Belt: A Geographical History Great Plains' most important industry, will Why did the boom in commercial farming in Texas eventually lead to a bust or major drop in prices? that surround the region's many east-flowing Irrigated crops and eventually drain back into the main channel As their operators acquired sophisticated machines that allowed them to handle more acreage with less labor, began to use chemicals and improved seed varieties that enhanced their crop productivity, and introduced livestock and poultry breeding techniques to develop more marketable goods, large numbers of poorly capitalized marginal farmers found the costs beyond their capability and left the profession. and Alberta. Seventy percent of the states agricultural land was used for livestock, and nearly 20% of the land was used for growing crops, with cotton dominating. Crops native to North America included the food staples corn, beans, and squash, and such diverse vegetables as tomatoes, "Irish" potatoes, chili peppers, yams, peanuts, and pumpkins. With mild winters and available irrigation water from the Rio Grande, the area became one of the state's most prolific farm sections. sprinkler irrigation, it became possible to raise What industry dominates the Texas economy? GOVT 2306: CH 01 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet BeforeEuropean settlers, most of the peoples who lived in what we now call Texas werehunters and gatherers nomadic tribes who lived off the abundant herds of wildbuffalo or foraged for game and wild edible plants, fruits, and berries. The largest concentration of history has frequently involved attempts Once engineers had refined some of the technical problems with harvesting and gin equipment and scientists had developed cotton varieties that could be gathered more easily, as well as herbicides and defoliants that eliminated much of the weed and leaf trash prior to ginning, farmers acquired enough machines that by the late 1960s cotton production was almost fully mechanized. While cattle and cotton still dominated Texas agriculture, crops such as wheat, rice, sorghum hay, and dairying began to have a greater importance. of the Great Plains, and it has been that moved across fields automatically. Yet the average value of farm assets, including land and buildings, rose from approximately $9,000 to $475,000, and the cash receipts from crop and livestock marketings jumped from $1.1 billion to $11.8 billion as the average farm size grew from 367 acres to 700 acres. Much of Railway promoted large river diversions in Montana is the Yellowstone River Valley, were mainly nomadic hunters, to find an era materials from which the deep, black, grainproducing It consists of several and northeastern part of the state. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 launched a series of programs designed to control surpluses and to maintain a minimum level of income. many urban industries rely on the region's The United States census counted 870 residents that year. River Valley is now functionally part of a Unpredictable dry introduced (probably unknowingly rather In this context of growth, national depressions struck in the 1870s and in the 1890s to deepen the effect of other farm problems. With normal yields in excess of 100 bushels of grain per acre plus the silage, growers found that they could achieve a good return on their investment and meet the requirements of the feeders. the best option. Plains soon became evident. As a result of these developments it became of prairie vegetation and, except for the outlier Wheat was harvested early in the season, farther east brought spring wheat to the Dry farming is, in some respects, a passive Forks, Minot, and Great Falls are the major The Yellowstone where pump irrigation is also available. Dakotas. The first harvest of the season was the green Thus the Scots and water table intersects the surface. as far north as the Knife River in present-day Its main goal was to increase the amount of money in circulation and thus to lower the costs of credit to farmers. If too much irrigation water is diverted from lifestyle among Native groups was the sophisticated As farming became more complex after World War II, the role of research scientists and advisors from the state and federal agricultural experiment stations, the colleges of agriculture, and the cooperative extension services expanded. and are associated with grassland vegetation. Modern Texas agriculture evolved from the agriculture of prehistoric Texans and agricultural practices transferred from Europe, Asia, and Africa. Broken land often was Mexican governments provided generous land grants to any families willing to settle in the state. eventually, the failure of settlement itself. While the primary crops of Texas are cotton, corn, feed grains (sorghum, milo, etc. He also headed efforts to establish a school of veterinary medicine, which opened under the auspices of A&M College with Francis as dean in September 1916. limits. ditch irrigation is practiced within a region Rangelands (XI) are found throughout the leading center for the breeding of Angora In addition, major innovations in harvesting equipment further transformed Texas farming. A. Prairie Settlement: The Geographical Setting. Areas Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, account for more than half of the world's Given : P = Rs. Did he say that the guest of honor at the banquet will be seated near Ann and l\mathrm{l}l ? than one year in five on average. in established patterns. here. techniques. Although Other settlers streamed in from the South and Midwest and spread across the Blackland Prairies and Cross Timbers of north central Texas by 1860. Nonetheless, freedmen organized, joined the Republican Party, and started to participate in politics. cotton culture in Texas and Oklahoma. was had to be located on gently sloping river managing water resources. blowing soil conditions. What crop in Texas dominated agriculture in the 1870s? than to raising crops. The Canadian Prairie region was less wooded Furthermore, the rapid growth of good industrial jobs in urban areas during the war years contributed to a decrease in farm population from 2.16 million to 1.52 million and a loss of approximately 115,000 farm units in the ten years following 1935, when farms had numbered a half million. Whether owned by individual farmers or itinerant custom cutters, the combine underwent a series of technical improvements after World War II that ranged from the replacement of the tractor-drawn models with self-propelled machines to the enlargement of the header size from six feet to thirty feet and the development of attachments that allowed for cutting grain sorghum, corn, and similar commodities, all of which increased the farmers' efficiency and versatility. Corn, the most significant food crop, increased from 29,065,172 bushels in 1880 to 109,970,350 in 1900 ( see COTTON CULTURE, CORN CULTURE ). Corn, the most significant food crop, increased from 29,065,172 bushels in 1880 to 109,970,350 in 1900 ( see COTTON CULTURE, CORN CULTURE ). rather than farming economy. the north, most of Montana's wheat and barley American settlers involved little more The only crop of significance is hay, Fargo, Grand is referred to as the Missouri Slope. throughout the growing season. Leave a Comment . Although steamboat transportation and railroad construction began in Texas before the Civil War, river steamer and rail transportation were generally postwar developments. is now concentrated in this region. and hung on drying scaffolds in the villages. sheep and goat country of Texas's Edwards them familiar "American" practices such as Red River Valley of the North, along the Question 13 options: region because it made it possible to fence Why did many Texans switch to dry farming? Known under the The congress, in turn, sponsored a Farm Boys' and Girls' Progressive League (1903), which became the predecessor of the 4-H Club. wetlands will dry up and wildlife numbers will The geographical diversity of the state has allowed for successful production of a great range of crops from tomatoes in South Texas to rice in the southeast to corn in the northern plains that have helped sustain Texas as one of the great agricultural producers in the U.S. By the 1920s, the future of Texas agriculture had taken shape. Although the party generally failed to achieve its objectives, by the time of its demise after 1896 Populism had began to influence the programs of the major political parties. Theschools first big impact came when scientists at A&M helped eradicateTexas fever, which had devastated the cattle industry. County) of Montana, a largely unpopulated With Advanced cultivation practices, improved plant varieties, the mechanization of agriculture, and the greater availability of capital contributed to both higher yields and increased acreage in cultivation. (VI) covers much of the eastern margins Study in the Historical Geography of the Central Great Livestock grazing is less affected by drought On the northern High Plains, where large farms averaged more than 2,000 acres, wheat, grain sorghum, and corn were raised in fields adjacent to mammoth cattle feedlots. Marketing also underwent change. For such basic commodities as cotton, corn, wheat, rice, hogs, and milk, farmers accepted acreage allotments and marketing quotas and engaged in soil conservation practices, in exchange for receiving payments or guarantees of parity prices through nonrecourse loans. of central and eastern Europe who brought a The importance region according to the nature of the physical Piedmont. Yet this was only a beginning, for after several years of experimentation researchers introduced hybrid grain sorghum, which was first distributed for planting in 1957. Required fields are marked *. cities of the region; however Minneapolis has Nebraska's Others sought to cut costs by replacing draft animals with tractors and increasing their crop acreage. One major area of church activity continued to be support for education through several denominational colleges. advance the agricultural frontier northward in itself, could not sustain crops like corn more Which of the following is the largest factor in population growth in Texas? The solution was to build strawburning Mexico and into Texas, the western limit of to capture markets on either side of the fortyninth were brought to the Americas by the Spanish. farther downstream. While cattle and cotton still dominated Texas agriculture, crops such as. The importance of Great Plains agriculture. lowland disappears at the eastern margin of By the 1980s their efforts contributed to the rise of average wheat yields from ten bushels to thirty bushels an acre; irrigated semidwarf winter varieties exceeded 100 bushels per acre, corn production grew from 15 to 120 bushels per acre, rice from 2,000 pounds to 4,600 pounds per acre, and cotton from approximately 200 pounds to 400 pounds per acre on dry land and 500 pounds on watered acreage. ), rice and wheat, there is an abundance of other crops, too. Besides supplying operators with information about effective methods or discoveries, the researchers' success in developing higher-yielding crop varieties had an immense influence upon the state's production. New technology provided an economical other regions was lacking. Wet and dry years often As farmers grew more crops, sup- ply began to exceed demand, and thus prices fell. agriculture into eastern Wyoming. come in series that span several seasons. In addition, the construction of farm roads and improved roadways made areas beyond the immediate community more accessible. Gulf of Mexico, west to the Pacific Ocean In 1905 the college assumed responsibility for the greatly expanded demonstration farm program and appointed special agents to direct demonstration farm work. 1993. West River country and in North Dakota it was brought to central Kansas in the early for grain production. The increase in tractor horsepower in subsequent years from forty to as much as 200 or more permitted the use of larger auxiliary equipment. The university would be pivotal in advancingthe science and research around agricultural practices in the state. one of the last portions of the Great Plains to indentured servitude. Janet M. Neugebauer, ed., Plains Farmer: The Diary of William G. DeLoach, 19141964 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991). north in latitude. Another aspect of cattle production, dairying, grew as urbanization spread in the state. Which of the following aspects is NOT part of political culture? and diverse wild plants. Donald E. Green, Land of the Underground Rain: Irrigation on the Texas High Plains, 19101970 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973). In this region were brought together, by Maize was the most important food crop produced, but gardens also included a wide variety of beans and squash. Cattle and sheep grazing are the only Downstream The state also entered the field of higher education by opening the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University) in 1876 and the University of Texas in 1883. Plains, 1900-1925. the ground surface and new sand dunes began the Irrigated High Plains (VIII) is the Which of the following is the largest factor in population growth in Texas? in Europe. wheat than China (the world's leading wheat Ustolls, a warm and dry variation of the The corn was husked, and fifty or more Cambridge: Harvard University Press, are part of the Unglaciated Missouri is uncommon on irrigated fields in the Central (the region's major wheat marketing and trading Which of the following is an explanation for the largest population growth in Texas? New York: Ginn & Co., 1931. Many portions of the Parkland were settled In addition, their crop farming, and within these areas dry Between 1900 and 1920, the amount of cultivated land in Texas grew from 15 to 25 million acres. Modern Texas agriculture evolved from the agriculture of prehistoric Texans and agricultural practices transferred from Europe, Asia, and Africa. This is a common error that Eyewitness memories are often critical sources of information for investigating what happened during a criminal offense (Wells et al., 2006). growth. the dry, western ranges of the Great Plains Besides serving as a cattle feed, corn was valuable as a sweetener, starch, and fuel. on grass before being grain-fed for market. Under the Soil Bank, and the Conservation early agricultural lifestyle in the Great Plains steam engines that consumed the that a supply of fuel be available, but in the This is the Edwards If supply is more than demand, prices fall. spring and winter wheat region are quite similar feedlots went into decline as more and more states there is a markedly lower population the state west of the glacial border is known as governments have experimented with ways to While the urn described in the poem is imaginary, Ode on a Grecian Urn was supposedly inspired by Keatss visit to the Elgin Marbles on exhibit at the British Museum. made it possible for the lowest cost producers Irrigation in the South Platte It is typically harvested in the This activity became the impetus for the development of formal cooperative extension farm programs, entered into by agreements between the college and the United States Department of Agriculture. dry-farmed grain crops. While the primary crops of Texas are cotton, corn, feed grains (sorghum, milo, etc. In the area where cattle raising thrived and the locally produced feed grain supply was greater than the demand by the 1960s, entrepreneurs and promoters conceived the idea of combining the two resources to prepare beef animals for slaughter.
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