In the US, political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics all play a role in determining the nature and level of political participation. The results showed the following: First: The more the gender varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of male students as there was a gender gap between the voting of male and female students in the national and local elections. 8.1 What Is Political Participation? - University of Minnesota Extreme discontent with a particular societal condition can lead to rioting. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students (Jordanians) was a total of (450) including (314) participated in the voting with (69.8 per cent) in the same category. Political participation is a complex phenomenon. Factors influencing women political participation: The case of Still, e-mail may not be the most effective way of getting a message across because office holders believe that an e-mail message takes less time, effort, and thought than a traditional letter. Based on the above, the present study examines the impact of (gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation) on the voting of the university student in elections, because of the reluctance of Jordanian university students to vote in elections. Which of the following best explains how the organization can operate to influence. Voter turnout is a mix of two factors: Internal (motivation, eagerness, knowledge) and External (eligibility, mobilization, voter suppression). Factors Want to create or adapt books like this? Socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. The reluctance of students to participate was attributed to their lack of interest in political issues and their poor involvement in community activities. Over 25 percent of the public gave money to a cause and 17 percent contributed to a presidential candidate in 2008 (Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2008). The composition of the electorate has changed radically throughout American history. (1995) emphasized that there were three sources affecting political participation: time, money and social skills. What factors influence voter turnout in elections? Atiyat, F. (2017), Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? it was noted that the number of the students in the age group (18 less than 23) was a total of (654) included (427) participated in the voting with (65.3 per cent) in the same category. Prohibited Content 3. In addition, ethnic diversity, different habits, incomes of people led to the difference in political participation. Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities (1995) noted that inequality in the distribution of incomes affects, political participation, such inequality makes the poor reluctant to vote in elections. 6-18. What Is Political Participation? Definition and Examples 3, pp. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). 65 No. It deepens the political awareness and increases the sense of political effectiveness. Consequently, high-income families can support the candidate who they chose. WebFactors influencing women political participation: The case of the SADC region. Factors That Affect Youth Political Participation in Ethiopia Turnout for the 2010 midterm election was 41.6 percent, compared with 41.4 percent in 2006 and 40.5 percent in 2002 (McDonald). The political landscape for many African nations does not provide the platforms where citizens can loudly and freely engage with the governments to harness democracy. It concluded that democracy depends on political participation (Leigh, 2018, p. 7). In contrast, the voting of the female students was (33.8 per cent). The following video is the CNN News Report on the Los Angeles Riots, including Rodney Kings appeal to stop the violence. Leigh, B.T. Trust in the ability of candidates to provide services to people, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils, Inefficiency of candidates for such councils, Family considerations and kinetic connections. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. People can engage in nonviolent acts of civil disobedience where they deliberately break a law that they consider to be unjust (Lipsky, 1968). Alelaimat, M.S. Voting is the most prevalent form of political participation, although many eligible voters do not turn out in elections. Psychological or cognitive traits 2. Political participation of females in most societies is less than that of males, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. Voter turnout in presidential elections is generally higher than for lower-level contests; usually more than half the eligible voters cast a ballot. of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. The second is related the voting in elections, Reason for voting and reason for not voting as the study relied on the literature review to prepare the questionnaire. They suffer from bad social and economic conditions because most of the wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of businessmen. key to promoting political participation Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Dolan (2011), Fox (2011) discussed how to overcome the gender gap in voting. Although the political participation base expanded in Jordan, youth remained reluctant to participate in elections. Four white officers were tried in criminal court for the use of excessive force, and they were acquitted of all but one charge. Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. The nine factors influencing political participation are as follows: 1. Although all changes and amendments in Jordan, there was a reluctance of young people, particularly the university students to vote in the national and local elections (Al-Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). It was noted that the number of students in the age group (23 less than 30) was a total number of (171) including (141) participated in the voting with (82.5 per cent) in the same category. Fitzgerald (2013), Taft (2014) pointed out that women in American society are less engaged in politics than men. Organizing a demonstration, protesting, and even rioting are other forms of participation (Milbrath & Goel, 1977). Education and Political Participation | British Journal of Political Privacy Policy 8. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980). According to conventional wisdom, education is supposed to increases civic skills and political knowledge that functions as the causal mechanisms triggering They concluded that the sociopolitical interest of young females could help to overcome this problem, education could be one of the solutions, as political participation of females increases, when they are aware that political events would directly affect their lives. As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. These activities may include voting, seeking information, discussing, attending public meetings, making financial contribution, communicating with representatives to become member in a political party, canvassing, speech writing, delivering speech, working in campaigns, competing for public and party offices, etc. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). Nahar, G.S. Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. Factors affecting Moreover, the law determines a quota of 15 seats for women in Parliament (Article 8). In addition, ethnic groups feel that they are marginalized within society, and they do not receive adequate political attention, So, they are reluctant to participate in voting. Jacobson, G. C., The Politics of Congressional Elections (New York: HarperCollins, 1997). WebThe aim of the study was to establish factors affecting youth participation in political governance in Ndirande Township in Blantyre, Malawi. VCU Scholars Compass | Virginia Commonwealth University They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, These groups are as diverse as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which supports animal rights, the Concord Coalition, which seeks to protect Social Security benefits, and the Aryan Nation, which promotes white supremacy. This, in turn, made them reluctant to vote in the elections. The outcome of such a participation results in collective gain. Lawless (2004), Atkeson (2003), and Koch (1997) emphasized on the impact of gender on political participation. In the USA, the participation of the youth in elections is very low. It can be concluded that: the more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the Jordanian students. Campaign activities 9. AP US Gov Unit 5 Overview: Political Participation | Fiveable Political Participation Among Indigenous People Among the forms of political participation, the present study focuses on voting as a traditional form of political participation and the most prominent form that can be observed and measured during elections by monitoring the numbers of voters. Factors Impeding Women's Political Participation- A Literature Review This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement when African Americans sat in whites-only sections of public busses. The video of the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles in 1991 sparked riots. In this respect, educational institutions serve as the basic ground in the development of articulateness and skills of political participation through schools/college/university unions. Once a candidate gets on the ballot, she must organize a campaign, solicit volunteers, raise funds, and garner press coverage. 286-302. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik. Webare political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Far more people participate in politics by voting than by any other means. McDonald, M., Voter Turnout, United States Election Project, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm. 1 / 19. In other Cohen, C.J. Our study contributes to e-Participation platforms literature by seeking to understand factors affecting the use of e-participation platforms by the citizen. Based on the above: Palmer and Simon (2008) pointed out that difference of regions within the same country affected the political participation of the inhabitants of these regions. As the participation of female in voting in the electoral list system was high which led to reducing the gender gap between males and females voting in the elections (Beauregard, 2014, p. 617). Extensive e-mail listservs keep protestors and sympathizers in contact between demonstrations. Berikut faktor-faktornya: 1. Congressional Management Foundation, Communicating with Congress: How the Internet Has Changed Citizen Engagement (Washington, DC: Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). Content Guidelines 2. The reasons for the low voting ratio of less than 500 dinars category in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. 52 Nos 5/6, pp. Solt, F. (2008), Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. This declining continued until the national elections in 2012, where the ratio of youth participation (ages 19-24years old) in voting was (41 per cent), and they were reluctant to engage in election campaigns and contacting elected officials. Political participation is normally associated with the modern form of democracy. While one of the studies atrributed it to the negative perception of women regarding their role in leadership positions, their low self-confidence and lack of their equal rights with men (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215). The number of people who give money to a candidate, party, or political organization has increased substantially since the 1960s. Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). In addition, the questionnaire included two section, the first is related to the four factors: Gender (malefemale), Age (8-22years old - 23-30years old), Family Income (less than 500 dinar- 500 less than 700 dinar more than 700 dinar), and regional affiliation (Jordanian Origin - Palestinian Origin). Also,somesocialfactorssuchastribalaffiliationaffectsstudentsvoting.Basedontheabove: They act to benefit their communities without monetary compensation. WebFactors Influencing Political Participation: 1. Voter registration laws were implemented in the 1860s by states and big cities to ensure that only citizens who met legal requirements could vote. 102 No. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. Participation in the 2008 presidential election was greater than usual, as people were motivated by the open race and the candidate choices. Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? Level of modernization and urbanization 5. The 2008 presidential election sparked high levels of public interest and engagement. High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. It included respecting of human rights, popular participating in political life, etc. Rock the Vote (RTV), a nonpartisan youth mobilization organization, established the first online voter registration initiative in 1992 with official backing from the Congressional Internet Caucus. Bernstein, A.G. (2005), Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Journal of Sex Roles, Vol. Social environment 3. 7 No. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. As well as, there was a regional affiliation gap in voting in national and local elections, as non-Jordanians (Palestinian) voting was low. (2011), Youth and Political Parties in Jordan, Amman, Al Rai Center for Studies, Jordan. Co-operative activity. Image Guidelines 5. These amendments aimed at increasing the ratio of women's representation and voting, by granting equal rights for women to vote and run in elections, such as a quota in Parliament. personality The democratic transition in Jordan started in 1980. Mohammad Soud Alelaimat can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. People can take part in social movements in which large groups of individuals with shared goals work together to influence government policies. Political participation includes voting and any other activity that shapes, affects or involves the political field. Turnout varies significantly across localities. 109-122.