The successful defence of the Kingdom against invasion on such an unprecedented scale boosted the prestige of England's Queen Elizabeth I and encouraged a sense of English pride and nationalism. [28], The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. Returning to Protestantism would align England with the Dutch, its main trading partner, but risked antagonising Spain, the most powerful nation in the world. [74] Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. Two bishops were sent to the Tower of London as a consequence. This was by no means a simple task as, in these early stages, nobody quite knew what Anglicism precisely was except that it was not Catholicism or extreme Protestantism but somewhere in-between. Most people in Elizabethan England were Catholic, but the majority of the government was Protestant. It restored the 1552 version of the English Prayer Book but kept many of the familiar old practices and allowed for two interpretations of communion, one Catholic and one Protestant. Henry wished to dissolve his marriage to Catherine and to be remarried to Anne Boleyn, but Pope Clement VII refused. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. There is none other like it in Europe. The queen was determined to see the act enforced and sent inspectors around the parishes for that purpose. 'The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was successfully established in the years 1558-1603. . In the House of Lords, all the bishops voted against it, but they were joined by only one lay peer. Catholics gained an important concession. Most Catholics, however, were "church papists"Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. [74] In 1568, the English College at Douai was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. [51], Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version. [5][6] The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". Mary was just as passionate a Catholic as Edward had been Protestant. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Secondly, attendance of a Catholic mass was forbidden, those found guilty of this offence received a large fine. When Elizabeth I became queen in 1558, England's religious situation was dire. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. Henry dissolved the English monasteries and seized their assets, causing widespread unrest. The Settlement failed to end religious disputes. What did the Elizabethan Religious Settlement do? The Church will not prohibit oath-taking by Christians for civic purposes. [82] Afterwards, efforts to identify recusants and force them to conform increased. When Parliament reconvened in April, the two issues were presented separately and considerable concessions were made. [90], In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies. [83], The persecution of 15811592 changed the nature of Roman Catholicism in England. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Haigh argues that the Act of Uniformity "produced an ambiguous Book of Common Prayer: a liturgical compromise which allowed priests to perform the Church of England communion with Catholic regalia, standing in the Catholic position, and using words capable of Catholic interpretation". Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. She inherited an England deeply divided on religious issues. What was the Elizabethan Religious Settlement? Take a closer look with the unique Van de Velde drawings collection, How habitable are Jupiter's icy moons? Through the 1580s, Puritans were organised enough to conduct what were essentially covert national synods. There were obstacles, notably the presence of many Catholic bishops who had been appointed by Mary and many catholic-minded nobles in the government. Some Catholic religious opposition was not constraint to England, but failed to affect the successful establishment of Elizabeth's religious settlement. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Those exiles with ties to John Calvin's reformation in Geneva were notably excluded from consideration. The Elizabethan Settlement provided the foundation for the Church of England, much of which is still in place today. Unlike in other Protestant states, the old Catholic structure of the Church below the sovereign was maintained with the bishops organised in a hierarchy. [119], Supreme Governor of the Church of England, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I, A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church, "Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland", Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia, Documents Illustrative of English Church History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement&oldid=1137970785, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 09:43. Elizabeth I and The Spanish Armada Flashcards | Quizlet [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". By Elizabeth's death, Roman Catholicism had become "the faith of a small sect", largely confined to gentry households. [46], The Injunctions offered clarity on the matter of vestments. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. [111] Puritans became dissenters. [102], In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I. Fig. [116] The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since". [59] The impressment of boys for service as singers in St. Paul's Cathedral and the royal chapel continued during this period. Elizabeth was seemingly a moderate in religious views and she wished above all to avoid the bloody scenes of executed martyrs that her predecessor had presided over. However, Ronald Hutton argues that certain Catholic elements such as altars were present in some regional churches as late as 1567, demonstrating a reluctance to convert to the new Church. [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. It can be argued the settlement was successful among ordinary people as there were no widespread religious inspired revolts, unlike under HVIII (drawing comparisons across the Tudor period). [23][21] It was not popular with the clergy, and the Convocation of Canterbury reacted by affirming papal supremacy, transubstantiation and the Mass as a sacrificial offering. Consequently, Elizabeth's reforms would have to be introduced with care. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. The English Reformation began with Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 Mary, Queen of Scots was the queen of both Scotland (r. 1542-1567 Mary I of England reigned as queen from 1553 to 1558 CE. Parker was a prominent scholar and had served as chaplain to Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn. ", Salvation comes from God's grace alone and not through good works. [20] Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the English Litany. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. This shows that the religious settlement was for the most part, largely successful. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation passed from 1559 to 1571 that intended to provide a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement. When Edward VI died, his sister Mary I became queen. [109] The English Civil War resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. [75], Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. The traditionalist argument was very pro-Protestant. There was opposition to the moderate features of the Settlement from both radical Catholics and radical Protestants. Henry VIII secured his position on the throne through violence in 1485 when he defeated Richard III. Rycote Chapel, OxfordshirePeter Reed (CC BY-NC) [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. The reforms may have been mild but they were enough for the Pope to eventually excommunicate the queen for heresy in February 1570 CE. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. Failure to attend service resulted in a small fine (which was then given to the poor). As the historian D. Starkey notes, Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in "a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance" (314). "Of Common Prayer and Sacraments" taught that although only baptism and the Eucharist were sacraments instituted by Christ other rites such as ordination had a sacramental character. Elizabeth's coronation gives a clue to her middle-of-the-road position when, in Westminster Abbey, the mass was permitted but the newly crowned queen left before the elevation of the host (when the communion bread, now transformed into the body of Jesus Christ, is held up by the priest). A.G. Dickens wrote of widespread popular support for Protestantism that made the Elizabethan settlement inevitable and immediately supported. Then the student should consider the . From Hooker, Anglicanism "inherited its belief in the place of reason as an authority for action, its esteem for continuity over the Reformation divide, and a hospitality towards sacramental modes of thought". Yes and no. They reduced the number to thirty-nine, leaving out a few that they thought would most offend the Catholics. Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in 'a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance'. What year were the Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy passed? Web. Search here. [35], The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering sacramental bread and wine from the 1549 prayer book to the words in the 1552 book. Elizabeth was a Protestant, but not a zealous one as her brother Edward VI had been. [96], In 1577, Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. Anne gave birth to Henry's daughter; Elizabeth I and Henry was undoubtedly disappointed again. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts. [62] Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. The Act of Uniformity of 1559 re-introduced the Book of Common Prayer from Edward's reign, which contained the liturgical services of the church. Others refused to conform. No, the feud between these religions would continue until the end of the seventeeth century. [57] Churches employed singers for special occasions,[58] which might be paid with money, wine, or ale and bread. The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the alb, cope and chasuble. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a collection of laws and decisions concerning religious practices introduced between 1558-63 CE by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). Queen Elizabeth was in attendance for the opening speech which was delivered by Nicholas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. Likewise, Elizabethan Puritans abandoned the hopeless cause of presbyterianism to focus on less controversial pursuits. P-The Religious settlement was successful because there was much about it that was acceptable to most Catholics. [40] There were also conflicting directions for the placement of the communion tables that were to replace stone altars. The Religious Settlement - Religion in the Elizabethan age - WJEC Under Mary's rule, England returned to the Catholic Church and recognised the pope's authority. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The settlement itself was written out in two Acts of Parliament, the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity 1559. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. Queen Elizabeth I wanted to build a stable, peaceful nation with a strong government, free from the influence of foreign powers in matters of the church and the state. A series of Church reforms that sought to create a middle ground between rival Catholics and Protestants. Elizabeth had to also concede to the radical Protestants and so she introduced a new Book of Common Prayer in 1559 CE which was not quite as radical as Thomas Cranmer's 1552 CE version but more so than the more moderate 1549 CE version. Elizabethan Settlement: Definition & Summary | StudySmarter Same period: some extreme Protestants were disappointed by the religious settlement because think that the religious changes are not extreme enough. Did the Elizabethan Settlement heal the divide between English Catholics and Protestants? Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. [77] In 1562, the Council of Trent ruled out any outward conformity or Nicodemism for Catholics: "You may not be present at such prayers of heretics, or at their sermons, without heinous offence and the indignation of God, and it is far better to suffer most bitter cruelties than to give the least sign of consent to such wicked and abominable rites. What historian argued that the Elizabethan Settlement was the inevitable end of a popular Protestant Reformation? Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new prayer book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the Great Ejection. The seminary priests were dependent on the gentry families of southern England. [38], In his "Puritan Choir" thesis, historian J. E. Neale argues that Elizabeth wanted to pursue a conservative policy but was pushed in a radical direction by a Protestant faction in the House of Commons. In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at Rome and two more established in Spain. The 1588 Marprelate Controversy led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. This iconic portrait isnow back on public display in the Queen's House after careful conservation. It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. It seemed that out of sight was out of mind, and this principle would apply to practising Christians of both sides in the debate. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. [101], In response to Bridges' A Defence of the Government Established in the Church of England for Ecclesiastical Matters, an anonymous Puritan under the pseudonym Martin Marprelate published a series of tracts attacking leading conformist clergy. The is essay will argue that in the period 15581564 the religious settlement was broadly success useful as it was slowly adhered to with little opposition up until 1564. of the users don't pass the Elizabethan Settlement quiz! This group was led by Richard Neile of Durham and became known as the Durham House group. It also deleted the Black Rubric, which in the 1552 book explained that kneeling for communion did not imply Eucharistic adoration. Essay on Elizabeth's religious settlement. The Act of Uniformity of 1559 set out the groundwork for the Elizabethan church.